the concept of the quran miraculousness: background and development till the third century

the concept of the quran miraculousness had undergone several stages before getting to its pinnacle in the fourth century. in the first stage – which took place during the first and second centuries – it cab be witnessed that the lecturers and scholars of the era have confessed their incompetence to compete with the quran, and the scholars and exegetes have left untouched the miracle-related issues in quran and have not detailed them. in the next stage, however, the intra- and inter-religious theological debates and the translation movement have posed serious challenges for the quran as the proof for the prophethood of the holy mohammad (peace be upon him), the islamic foundations, and the quran miraculousness issues. efforts made by scholars like nazzam, ali ibn rabben tabari, jahiz, ibn qotaibah, and waseti regarding the quran miraculousness manifest some of the concerns in this second era/ .......... ........... .............. ............ ................ ...................... ................ ................ ........